Abstract: Aeroelastic optimization projects are illustrated using six engineering design examples. They are based on modern optimization technology, and in different stages of aircraft design. In the illustration, aeroelastic modeling and optimization design of wings, tails, and full aircrafts are presented, and both metal and composite materials are taken into account. The proposed modern genetic/sensitivity-based hybrid optimization method is applied to preliminary design, detail design and retrofit design. It is shown that efficient aeroelastic modeling and optimization design are achieved in different design stages, which is helpful to increase design efficiency and improve design quality.