Abstract: Through the tensile tests of 90 coupons which were cut from various cross-section shapes of 6082-T6 aluminum alloy products, the material mechanical characteristics and the stress-strain relationship of the structural aluminum alloy were studied. Statistical analyses were performed for several material mechanical properties including proof strength, tensile strength, the elastic modulus, breaking elongation, Poisson's ratio and enhancement coefficients. Test results show that the constitutive relationship of the 6082-T6 aluminum alloy made for the domestic structures obeys the Ramberg-Osgood model basically. The statistical analysis of the experimental data indicates that material mechanical properties subject to the normal distribution; the statistical values of proof strength, elastic modulus, and Poisson’s ratio are close to those given in the design code; the enhancement coefficient obtained by the traditional method is slightly higher than that recommended by Steinhardt.