机器学习与降维模型耦合算法下对圆柱绕流流场模拟研究

REDUCED-ORDER MODELING OF FLOW AROUND CYLINDERS USING MACHINE LEARNING

  • 摘要: 圆柱绕流问题作为流固耦合研究中的经典课题,广泛应用于工程实践,特别是在结构受力分析中具有重要意义。为解决传统求解方法因依赖流体动力学偏微分方程而导致计算成本高、效率低的问题,降维建模(Reduced-Order Modeling, ROM)通过在保留关键物理特征的同时简化流场结构,已成为提升模拟效率的重要手段。本研究提出两种新型ROM方法基于自编码器(Autoencoder, AE)与全连接神经网络(Fully Connected Neural Networks, FCNN)相结合的AE-FCNN ROM,以及融合AE-FCNN、本征正交分解(Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, POD)与径向基函数神经网络(Radial Basis Function Neural Networks, RBFNN)的AE-FCNN-POD-RBFNN(AFPR) ROM。通过非定常圆柱绕流数值实验验证,结果表明:两种方法均能高效重建流场结构,其中AFPR ROM在多样本重构精度上较AE-FCNN ROM提升约14%,计算耗时仅增加约2%;相比传统CFD方法,计算效率提升约84.75%。研究表明,所提混合型ROM在兼顾精度与效率方面具有良好的工程适应性,为海洋结构在波流作用下的快速受力分析提供了新思路。

     

    Abstract: Flow around a circular cylinder, a classical topic in fluid–structure interactions, has broad engineering applications, particularly in structural load analyses. To address the high computational cost and inefficiency of traditional fluid dynamics methods, a reduced-order modeling (ROM) offers an effective alternative by simplifying flow structures while retaining key physical features. This study proposes two novel ROM methods: the AE-FCNN ROM, combining an autoencoder (AE) with fully connected neural networks (FCNN), and the AE-FCNN-POD-RBFNN (AFPR) ROM, which further incorporates proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN). The validation on unsteady cylinder flow simulations shows that these two methods can efficiently reconstruct flow fields. Notably, the AFPR ROM improves reconstruction accuracy by 14% over AE-FCNN ROM with only 2% additional computational time, and achieves 84.75% higher efficiency than the traditional method. Research results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid ROM has good engineering adaptability in balancing accuracy and efficiency, providing a new idea for the rapid force analysis of Marine structures under the action of wave and current.

     

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