Abstract: An energy-dissipating self-centering rebar splice (ED-SRS) for longitudinal reinforcement connections in precast reinforced concrete structures is developed. The proposed ED-SRS consists of a self-centering component and an energy-dissipating component: the self-centering component provides restoring force through disc springs, while the energy-dissipating component achieves friction-based energy dissipation via friction pads. A theoretical model of the force-displacement relationship was established to elucidate the synergistic working mechanism between self-centering and friction energy dissipation. Through mechanical performance tests and numerical simulations, the effects of preload force, of friction force, and of secondary stiffness on mechanical properties of the ED-SRS were quantitatively analyzed. Research results demonstrate that: the established force-displacement model exhibits high accuracy, with the ED-SRS displaying a full half flag-shaped hysteretic response, outstanding energy dissipation and self-centering capabilities, and controllable friction-based energy dissipation capacity. Increasing the preload enhances the activation force, activation displacement, and restoring force, while a higher friction coefficient strengthens energy dissipation capacity. Secondary stiffness does not affect the activation force or displacement but significantly improves post-activation load-bearing capacity.