Abstract: To investigate the damage mechanism of reinforced concrete (RC) walls in nuclear power plant buildings caused by high-energy pipeline rupture-induced impact, RC target plate impact resistance experiments were conducted to analyze the dynamic response and damage characteristics of RC plates. The finite element software LS-DYNA was used to carry out the numerical simulation of the experiment. And by comparing the simulation results with the experiment results, the effectiveness of the numerical model was verified. Based on the validated finite element model, a full-scale refined numerical simulation was conducted to analyze the effects of parameters such as pipeline impact velocity, impact angle, wall thickness and reinforcement arrangement on the damage to RC walls in nuclear power plants. The research results indicate that the pipe projectile impact experiment can effectively reveal the damage and failure characteristics of RC plates, and obtain valid static and time-history response data. The established finite element analysis method can effectively simulate experiment results. The full-scale model simulation analysis shows that with the increase of pipeline whipping impact velocity and impact angle, the depth of wall penetration and the area of damage also gradually increase. Within the given range of impact parameters, the RC walls of the nuclear power plant are penetrated and destroyed by the whipping impact of high-energy pipelines. Using U-shaped reinforcement can better enhance the impact resistance of the RC wall. The relevant conclusions can provide reference for the design of RC wall protection, internal pipeline layout, and maintenance in nuclear power plants.