Abstract: To reveal the three-dimensional damage evolution mechanism of bedding limestone during the loading process, the Lemaitre equivalent strain hypothesis was integrated with the Weibull statistical damage theory, so as to facilitate the derivation of the effective damage matrix, the establishment of the evolution equation connecting the three-dimensional primary damage component to the principal strain component, and the construction of a three-dimensional damage transverse isotropic constitutive model. Through triaxial compression tests on limestone samples with varying bedding angles, the three-dimensional primary damage component was calculated and theoretical calculation curves were then adjusted to verify the rationality and accuracy of the model, and the anisotropic evolution laws of the damage components were analyzed. Research indicated that the transversely isotropic elastic matrix, modified by the damage effective matrix, was utilized to calculate the theoretical stress-strain curves during the loading process of limestone samples with varying bedding angles. The results showed a high consistency with the experimental curve, and the predictions of the theoretical curve were favorable. The peak strength and elastic modulus of the rock sample showed a 'V' type distribution with the increase of the inclination angle. The failure mode of the specimen transitioned from tensile failure of the rock blocks to compression-shear failure along the bedding, and subsequently to tensile failure characterized by bedding splitting. The damage evolution curves of rock samples with different bedding dip angles were generally similar, showing a trend of slow increase-rapid increase-tend to be stable with the increase of strain. As the bedding inclination angle increased, the three-dimensional damage components transitioned from the third main damage component being greater than the second main damage component, to the second main damage component exceeding the third main damage component, and the latter two are basically identical. The growth rate of the damage evolution curve of rock samples with different bedding dip angles was different, and the growth rate of 60° samples was the fastest. The research results revealed the anisotropy of mechanical parameters and the evolution process and mechanism of heterogeneous damage of bedding limestone under triaxial loading conditions, which can provide a theoretical support for engineering design and stability calculation pertinent to bedding limestone.