基于谱元法的含饱和土层沉积盆地地震效应研究

STUDY ON SEISMIC EFFECTS IN SEDIMENTARY BASINS CONTAINING SATURATED SOIL LAYERS BASED ON SPECTRAL ELEMENT METHOD

  • 摘要: 基于传递矩阵法发展了一种平面波垂直和斜入射条件下,适用于非等间距谱元节点的波动自由场计算方法。在此基础上,结合高精度谱元法和多次透射公式,实现平面波入射下局部饱和复杂场地波动散射问题的模拟。基于该方法,探究了SV波入射时,考虑近地表饱和沉积土层的加拿大Kitimat沉积盆地的地面运动特征。通过与线弹性沉积盆地结果的对比,分析了饱和沉积土层对具有复杂几何基底和分层土层的二维盆地地表地震动放大效应的影响。结果表明:该文方法对于局部饱和场地地震动的模拟具有较高精度。考虑饱和土层时盆地地表地震动增强,水平分量位移峰值放大系数1.08左右,垂直分量最大1.8,但地震动峰值分布特征与单相介质盆地类似。饱和介质盆地中面波的频散现象更显著且持续时间更长,不同震相之间形成更强烈的相长干涉现象。部分场点卓越频率偏移,同时频域内放大特征也有明显改变,且不同频率对应的最大差异的位置与土层厚度有较好相关性。随孔隙率增大,饱和盆地地表位移幅值增大,同时对面波的形成和传播产生影响。

     

    Abstract: A wave free-field calculation method suitable for non-equidistant spectral element nodes under vertical and oblique plane wave incidences is developed based on the transfer matrix method. On this basis, the wave scattering problems in locally saturated fields under plane wave incidences are simulated by combining high-precision spectral element method and multi-transmitting formula. Based on this method, the ground motion characteristics of the Kitimat basin in Canada under vertically incident SV waves are investigated considering the near surface saturated soil layers. By comparing the results with those of linear elastic sedimentary basins, the influence of saturated soil layers on the amplification effect of ground motion in two-dimensional basins with complex basement geometries and layered soil layers is analyzed. The results show that the method proposed in this paper has high accuracy in simulating the seismic motion of locally saturated sites. When considering saturated soil layers, the surface seismic motion of the basin is enhanced, with the maximum amplification factor of about 1.08 and 1.8 for horizontal and vertical component displacements, respectively. However, the distribution features of seismic peak values are similar to those of single-phase medium basins. The dispersion phenomenon of surface waves is more significant in saturated basins, with longer shaking duration and resulting in stronger constructive interference between different seismic phases. Some sites exhibit dominant frequency shifts, and the amplification characteristics in the frequency domain also show significant changes. The position of the maximum discrepancy corresponding to different frequencies has a good correlation with the thickness of the soil layer. As the porosity increases, the amplitude of surface displacement increases, and the formation and propagation of surface waves are also affected.

     

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