电弧熔丝增材制造碳钢与高强钢钢板的疲劳裂纹扩展速率

FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH RATES OF WIRE ARC ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED CARBON STEEL AND HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL PLATES

  • 摘要: 对电弧熔丝增材制造(Wire arc additive manufacturing, WAAM)碳钢与高强钢钢板开展疲劳裂纹扩展速率(Fatigue crack growth rate, FCGR)试验。从采用平行路径打印方法生产的名义厚度为8 mm和3 mm的WAAM碳钢钢板以及名义厚度为3 mm的WAAM高强钢钢板上以三种不同角度切取材料加工制成紧凑拉伸(Compact-tension, CT)试件,开展应力比R为0.1的常幅加载疲劳试验。以Paris公式描述疲劳裂纹扩展速率,拟合并总结得出WAAM碳钢与高强钢钢板的Paris公式常数Cm均值与特征值。使用扫描电子显微镜观察试件的疲劳断面,从微观角度分析两种WAAM钢板宏观上疲劳裂纹扩展速率差异的原因。与规范推荐值以及文献中其他钢材的疲劳裂纹扩展速率相对比,讨论指出两种WAAM钢板的疲劳裂纹扩展速率与普通钢材相近,其中WAAM高强钢钢板的疲劳裂纹扩展速率优于WAAM碳钢,并且低于规范推荐的常用均值,这样的现象与其在微观层面上的断面特点相关;疲劳裂纹扩展速率受加载角度的影响不明显;平行路径与振荡路径打印的碳钢钢板疲劳裂纹扩展速率接近,而平行路径打印的高强钢与振荡路径打印相比在疲劳裂纹扩展速率上更为稳定均一。

     

    Abstract: This article presents fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) experiments on carbon steel and on high-strength steel plates manufactured using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology. Compact tension (CT) specimens were machined from WAAM carbon steel plates with nominal thicknesses of 8 mm and 3 mm and from WAAM high-strength steel plates with a nominal thickness of 3 mm, and all of them are produced by using the parallel deposition strategy. These specimens were subjected to fatigue tests under constant amplitude loading with a stress ratio R of 0.1. Paris law constants (C and m) are presented to characterize the FCGR of different WAAM steel plates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the fatigue fracture surfaces, allowing a microscopic analysis of the macroscopic differences in FCGR between the WAAM steel plates. Comparisons are made with the recommended values of the codes and the fatigue crack growth rates of other steel plates in the literature. The study indicates that the fatigue crack propagation behaviors of the two WAAM steel plates are similar to those of conventional steels, with the FCGR of WAAM high-strength steel being lower than that of WAAM carbon steel and of BS 7910’s recommended mean curve for unwelded steels. This phenomenon is related to their microscopic fracture characteristics. The influence of loading angle on FCGR is not significant. Fatigue crack growth rates of WAAM carbon steel printed by employing parallel and oscillatory deposition strategies are similar, while the FCGR of parallel-deposition-strategy-printed high-strength steel is more stable and uniform compared to its oscillatory-deposition-strategy-printed counterpart.

     

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